Dental Hygienist Practice Test – Anatomic Sciences

The muscle that is located on the lateral component of the ramus of the mandible is the masseter. The masseter runs through the rear part of the cheek stretching from temporal bone to the lower jaw.

A fenestration is a window or an opening occurring in the solid plate of compact cortical bone situated on the facial surface over the root of the tooth.

The fibrous connective tissue membrane covering the outside of the bone apart from at the articular surfaces is the Periosteum.

The synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid (which is thick and slimy), lubricating the synovial joint, thereby reducing friction between the bones.

Dendrites are branching processes which transmit impulses towards the cell body.

The triangular shaped mass called the sacrum is formed by the fusion of the sacral vertebrae.

The mesiobuccal root of the first maxillary molar and the second and third maxillary molars are anesthetized by the posterosuperior block.

The infraorbital foramen is located in the maxilla

The incisive foramen (which is also known as anterior palatine or nasopalatine foramen) is an opening of the incisive canal in the palatine process of the maxilla.

When the styloglossus muscle (an extrinsic muscle of the tongue) contracts, the tongue retracts.

The frontal plane is the plane that is responsible for the division of the body into anterior and posterior portions (i.e. front and rear portions)

Structurally, contralateral means being on the side opposite to another. Teeth #3 and #14 are the first maxillary molars which are on the opposite arches of the mouth and therefore are contralateral to each other.

Muscle cells are not called sarcomeres but rather myocytes which are found in some types of muscle tissue. Alternatively, a sarcomere is a unit of contraction of the myofibrils of the muscle cell.

The submental (B) lymph nodes drain both sides of the chin, the lower lip, the floor of mouth, the apex of tongue, and the mandibular incisors.

The corrugator supercilia is a narrow, small muscle of facial expression situated close to the eye, and just above the orbicularis oculi muscle.

The medical pterygoid elevates the mandible upon contraction (closes the jaw).

The hypothalamus, which is a small region of the brain, regulates homeostasis in the body.  It is located at the base of the brain near the pituitary gland.

The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system are the Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

Parasympathetic innervation is supplied by the vagus (Cranial nerve X), in which parasympathetic fibres are sent to many organs such as the thymus and the muscles of the heart and stomach.

The distobuccal root of the maxillary second molar, tooth #2 is not innervated by the middle superior alveolar but rather by the posterosuperior alveolar nerve.